The first signs of menopause, known as perimenopause, often include irregular periods, hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and sleep disturbances. Some women also experience brain fog, vaginal dryness, or changes in libido. These symptoms can begin several years before periods stop completely.

Menopause typically starts between ages 45 and 55, with the average age in the U.S. being 51. It is officially diagnosed when a woman has gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. Early menopause can occur before age 45 and may be influenced by genetics, health conditions, or medical treatments.

Menopause symptoms can be managed with lifestyle changes, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), non-hormonal medications, and natural remedies like diet, exercise, and stress reduction. Treatments should be tailored to individual needs, so it’s best to talk to a doctor about the safest and most effective options.

Yes, research suggests that hormonal changes during menopause may increase a woman’s risk for Alzheimer’s disease. The drop in estrogen, which supports brain function, may contribute to memory problems and cognitive decline. Early menopause or surgical removal of ovaries may further raise this risk.