Research suggests that aerobic exercise — activities that raise the heart rate, like walking, running, cycling, swimming, and dancing — offers the strongest brain health benefits. However, experts recommend a varied approach that also includes strength training (20–90 minutes per session), flexibility exercises (15–30 minutes, three times per week), and balance training (at least 45 minutes, three times per week). Activities that engage the brain in multiple ways simultaneously, like dancing or tai chi, may offer unique advantages.